Most stone artifacts are debris from making implements. A common stone implement is the mogo or stone hatchet head. Other stone artifacts include flaked tools for use in wood-working and sharpening wooden spears, as well as small ground stone files used to shape shell fish-hooks.

Stone axes or mogo were important, multipurpose tools. The Cadigal and Wangal people used them to strip bark from stringybark trees when making canoes and huts, to cut toeholds for climbing, to enlarge hole in tree trunks to catch possums and to carve the outlines of shields into tree trunks. They also served as weapons.

Archaeological stone axe heads are usually made of very hard igneous or metamorphic rock. The stone was often sourced from a pebble which was modified into shape and size and had one end ground to a sharp edge.